Travel information
About mongolia
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Name: |
Mongolia |
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Capital city: |
Ulaanbaatar / Ulan Bator / |
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Area: |
1,564,116 km² |
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Population: |
3 million |
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Major Language: |
Mongolian |
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Major Religion: |
Buddism |
Mongolia is an independent republic in East Asia. The country is bounded on the south, east and west by China and to the north by Russia. The capital city is Ulaanbaatar, and other major cities include Darhan and Erdenet. The country is mountainous with an average altitude of 1580 meters above sea level, which makes Mongolia one of the highest countries in the world. The lowest point is Hoh Nuur depression at 560 meters above sea level and the highest point is the Khuiten peak at 4374 m.
The Mongolia gained fame in the 13th century when under Chinggis KHAAN they established a huge Eurasian empire through conquest. For 3 000 years, the people of the steppes have adopted a pastoral way of life moving in the search of best pastures and campsites. They live by and for their livestock, in the forefront of which the horse undoubtedly was the first animal domesticated in these infinite meadows. Today, approximately half of Mongolia's population is still roaming the vast plains living in the ger and moving their campings several times a year on the grounds with no fence. Nomadic life thrives in summer and survives in winter. Considering climatic conditions, especially during winter, such lifestyle may seem to the outside world to be a very hard way of living. However, Mongolians have developed for centuries such qualities as strength and resilience that are essential for survival in this harsh nature, which is their cherished homeland.
Mongolia was a communist state being sandwiched between China and Russia and when the Soviet Union broke up in the 1990's removing economic assistance, the country went into a crippling recession. Economic activity traditionally has been based on agriculture and breeding of livestock. The country however also has extensive mineral deposits including copper, coal, molybdenum, tin, tungsten, and gold account for a large part of industrial production. Iron ore deposits are found in the region near the town of Darhan and coal is also produced in this region.
The international time zone in Mongolia is GMT + 8 hours and GMT + 7 hours in the western provinces of Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs and Khovd.
People
Mongolian families usually are large with average 4 and more children. Even today, mothers with 5 children are awarded as Honored Mother.
Population
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Total Population: |
2.9 million (2013) |
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1.3 million (2013) |
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Central mongolia & Northern Mongolia: |
468,328 (2013) |
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Eastern Mongolia : |
200,636 (2013) |
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Southern Mongolia: |
562,300 (2013) |
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Western Mongolia: |
372,609 (2013) |
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Economically Active Population: |
1.2 million (2014) |
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Life Expectancy: |
Male 65.11 years, Female 75.01 years (2013) |
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Median Age: |
27.1 years (2014 est) |
Economy
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Gross Domestic Product: |
US$ 12 billion (2014 est) |
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Per Capita GNI: |
UD$ 5,900 (2013 est.) |
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Exports: |
US$ 445 million (2014) |
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Imports: |
US$ 408 million (2014 est) |
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Export goods: |
copper, apparel, livestock, animal products, cashmere, wool, hides, fluorspar, other nonferrous metals, coal, crude oil |
Government
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Political System: |
In the early 1990s, Mongolia abolished the old political and social regime and started to establish a new democratic system. |
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President: |
Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj since 2013 |
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State Great Khural: |
Speaker: Z. Enkhbold |
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Elections: |
Parliamentary: every 4 years |